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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover, you likely already know that different varieties of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of 500g coffee beans for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee with 75% of global coffee bean production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee bean company can be affected by the conditions under which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and they are in a position to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops concentrate on the ethical source of their arabica beans and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and may thrive in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to cultivate.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta as well.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use combine the two varieties to cut costs and preserve quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select a high quality bean from a reliable source. This can be done by buying your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can find the seeds online from many sources, however it is best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot light roast coffee beans plants that are located at medium altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both fruity and tart which makes them a popular option in blends made by home. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinct richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. These beans are often used to give blends additional body and a rich, tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having more sweetness. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They can be a bit acidic. When roasted and brewed properly they can be a bit sweet with hints of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

Once you've mastered the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste opt for an arabica, or a blend consisting of arabica beans and robusta beans.